Friday, May 27, 2016

DIFFERENT TYPES OF MUSIC

   

Music comes in many different types and styles ranging from traditional rock music to world pop, easy listening and bluegrass. Many genres have a rich history or geographical significance, a cult following or music roots that go far beyond the 20th century

Blues

Types of Blues

  • Delta blues
  • Piedmont blues or East Coast blues
  • Jump blues
  • Chicago blues

Classical Music

Types of Classical Music

  • Symphony
  • Opera
  • Choral
  • Chamber music
  • Gregorian chant
  • Madrigals

Country Music

Country music is music that developed from Southern American folk and western cowboy music in the rural regions of the Southern United States in the 1920s. Dance tunes and ballads with harmonies and simple form played with banjoes, acoustic and electric guitars, harmonicas and fiddles.

Types of Country Music

  • Early Country Music or Mountain Music
  • Blue Grass Music
  • Traditional Country music
  • Cowboy and Western music
  • Western Swing
  • Honky Tonk
  • Rockabilly
  • Nashvile Sound
  • Country Rock
  • Bakersfield Sound
  • Outlaw Country
  • New Traditionalist
  • Texas Country
  • Alternative Country
  • Contemporary Country

Electronic Music

The term Electronic music today suggests that the character and quality of the music is synthetic, the music is created and manipulated by electronics instead of performance by acoustic instruments.
This type of music began about 1942 when Pierre Schaeffer put up what is believed to be the first Electronic music studio using a mixture of recorded normal sounds, variable speed tape recorders, phonographs and microphones.

Types of Electronic Music

  • Ambient
  • Break
  • Downtempo
  • Electro music
  • Electroacoustic music
  • Electronica
  • Electronic rock
  • Eurodance
  • Hard dance
  • House music
  • Industrial music
  • Intelligent dance music
  • Jungle
  • Post-disco
  • Techno
  • Trance music
  • UK garage

Jazz

Jazz music was born from a mix of European and African music traditions at the beginning of the 20th Century among African American communities in southern areas of the United States. African undertones are evident in the mixture of blue notes, polyrhythms, improvisation, syncopation, and the swing note.

Types of Jazz

  • New Orleans Jazz
  • The Chicago Style
  • Bebop
  • Fusion Jazz music

Latin Music

Latin music naturally originates from the broader Latin world, mainly from Latin America with fusions by Latinos of the United States as well as genres from European countries such as Portugal and Spain.
Language, the cultural background of the artist, geography and music style are the main elements that define Latin music. These four elements fuse in different ways usually with a combination of two or more of the main elements to give a production the Latin Music Tag.

Types of Latin Music

  • Salsa
  • Tango
  • Merengue

Pop Music

Often, pop music is confused with popular music. Whereas Pop music describes music that evolved from the rock and roll revolution of the middle 1950s and continues in a definite route today, popular music refers to music that is associated with the tastes and interests of the urban middle class during the period covering 1800s and industrialization to date.
From the 1950s until today, Pop music is identified as the hits most often played on radio, that which attracts the largest audiences, sells the most copies, and the musical styles that displayed by the biggest audience therefore it is really an amalgam of whatever is popular at any given moment and doesn’t represent any specific genre(s).

Metal

Metal music is characteristic of powerful and loud bass drums and aggressive electric guitars. It was developed in the United Kingdom in the 1960s and early 1970s and also in the United States. The words are usually about provocative and controversial themes. Metal music fans are referred to as head bangers and metal heads.

Types of Metal Music

  • Avant Garde Metal
  • Black Metal
  • Celtic
  • Death Metal
  • Doom Metal
  • Funk Metal
  • Gothic
  • Grindcore
  • Groove Metal
  • Hardcore Metal
  • Nu-Metal
  • Power metal
  • Speed Metal
  • Thrash Metal

Punk

Developed between 1974 and 1976 in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia, Punk Music is a type of Rock Music Genre based on Garage rock Protopunk music. Bands made hard-edged songs that were short, political, anti-establishment with stripped down instrumentation.

Types of Punk Music

  • Anarcho Punk
  • Celtic Punk
  • Cow Punk
  • Gypsy or Immigrant Punk
  • Pop Punk

Rap

Rap music originated among African-Americans’ inner-city street culture in the 1970s. Rap is considered as a mainstream type and is popular among people of all ages and background around the world.
Rap music is generally not sung. The words are spoken with a backdrop of music borrowed from soul, funk and rock pieces. Musicians remix sounds, and rhythms with their own innovations and synthesized musical elements.

Types of Rap Music

  • Gangsta Rap
  • Political Rap
  • Alternative Rap
  • Crunk

Reggae

Reggae Music arose from Jamaica in the late 1960s. Reggae Music refers to a style that developed from Ska and Rock Steady.

Types of Reggae Music

  • Roots
  • Dub
  • Dub Poetry
  • Toasting
  • Lover’s Rock
  • Niyabingi
  • Slack Dancehall
  • Conscious Dancehall

Rhythm and Blues (R&B)

Types of R&B

  • Motown
  • Funk
  • Disco
  • Doo-wop
  • Club blues
  • Jump Blues

Rock

Types of Rock Music

  • Rock n Roll
  • Garage Rock
  • Punk Rock
  • Glam Rock
  • Southern Rock

KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS FOR PHOTOSHOP

   


You'd think setting up your content in Photoshop would be second nature; but oftentimes, the shortcuts to change the background size or zoom in to your project aren't what you think. 
Here are some of the most crucial shortcuts to know:

Selecting
Draw Marquee from CenterAlt-Marquee
Add to a SelectionShift
Subtract from a SelectionAlt
Intersection with a SelectionShift-Alt
Make Copy of Selection w/Move toolAlt-Drag Selection
Make Copy of Selection when not in Move toolCtrl-Alt-Drag Selection
Move Selection (in 1-pixel Increments)Arrow Keys
Move Selection (in 10-pixel Increments)Shift-Arrow Keys
Select all Opaque Pixels on LayerCtrl-click on Layer Thumbnail (in Layers panel)
Restore Last SelectionCtrl-Shift-D
Feather SelectionShift-F6
Move Marquee while drawing selectionHold Space while drawing marquee
Viewing
Fit on ScreenDouble-click on Hand tool or Ctrl-0
100% View Level (Actual Pixels)Double-Click on Zoom Tool or Ctrl-Alt-0
Zoom inCtrl-Space-Click or Ctrl-Plus(+)
Zoom outAlt-Space-Click or Ctrl-Minus(–)
Hide all tools and panelsTab
Hide all panels except Toolbox and Options barShift-Tab
Rotate through full screen modesF
Scroll image left or right in windowCtrl-Shift-Page Up/Down
Jump/Zoom to part of ImageCtrl-drag in Navigator panel
Toggles layer mask on/off as rubylith\
Layer Shortcuts
Create new layerCtrl-Shift-N
Select non-contiguous layersCtrl-Click layers
Select contiguous layersClick one layer, then Shift-Click another layer
Delete LayerDelete key (while in the Move tool)
View contents of layer maskAlt-Click layer mask icon
Temporarily turn off layer maskShift-Click layer mask icon
Clone layer as you move itAlt-Drag
Find/Select layer containing objectRight-Click on the object w/Move tool
Change layer opacityNumber pad keys (w/Move tool selected)
Cycle down or up through blend modesShift-Plus(+) or Minus(–)
Change to a specific blend mode(w/Move tool) Shift-Alt-letter (ie: N=Normal, M=Multiply. etc.)
Switch to layer below/above current layerAlt-[ or Alt-]
Type Shortcuts
Select all text on layerDouble-Click on T thumbnail in Layers panel
Increase/Decrease size of selected text by 2 ptsCtrl-Shift->/<
Increase/Decrease size of selected text by 10 ptsCtrl-Shift-Alt->/<
Increase/Decrease kerning/trackingAlt-Right/Left Arrow
Align text left/center/rightCtrl-Shift-L/C/R
Painting
Fill selection with background colorCtrl-Backspace
Fill selection with foreground colorAlt-Backspace
Fill selection with foreground color using Lock Transparent PixelsShift-Alt-Backspace
Fill selection with source state in History panelCtrl-Alt-Backspace
Display Fill dialog boxShift-Backspace
Sample as background colorAlt-Click w/Eyedropper tool
To get Move toolWhile in any painting/editing tool-hold Ctrl
To get Eyedropper with Paint toolsAlt
Change paint opacity (with Airbrush OFF)Number keys
Change paint opacity (with Airbrush ON)Shift-Number keys
Change Airbrush flow (with Airbrush ON)Number keys
Change Airbrush flow (with Airbrush OFF)Shift-Number keys
Cross-Hair CursorAny painting/editing tool-turn Caps Lock on
Decrease/Increase Brush Size[ or ]
Decrease/Increase Hardness of BrushShift-[ or Shift-]
Switch between preset Brushes< or >
Open Brushes pop-up panelRight-Click in Image window
Erase to History panel's source stateAlt-Eraser
Cycle down or up through blend modesShift-Plus(+) or Minus(–)
Change to a specific blend modeShift-Alt-letter (ie: N=Normal, M=Multiply, etc.)
Create fixed color target from within a dialog boxShift-Click in image window
Delete fixed color targetAlt-Click on target with Color Sampler tool
Create new spot-color channel from current selectionCtrl-Click on New Channel button in Channels panel
Pen Tool Shortcuts
To get Direct Selection tool while using PenCtrl
Switch between Add-Anchor and Delete-Anchor Point toolsAlt
Switch from Path Selection tool to Convert Point tool when pointer is over anchor pointCtrl-Alt
To Select a whole path w/Direct Selection toolAlt-click
Convert path to a selectionCtrl-click on path name (in Paths panel)
Panel Shortcuts
Show/Hide Brushes panelF5
Show/Hide Color panelF6
Show/Hide Layers panelF7
Show/Hide Info panelF8
Show/Hide Actions panelAlt-F9
Open Adobe BridgeCtrl-Alt-O
Other Shortcuts
Switch between open documentsCtrl-Tab
Undo or Redo operations beyond last oneCtrl-Alt-Z/Ctrl-Shift-Z
Apply Last FilterCtrl-F
Opens Last Filter Dialog BoxCtrl-Alt-F
Hand ToolSpacebar
Reset Dialog BoxHold Alt, Cancel turns into Reset Button, Click it
Increase/Decrease value (in any option field) by 1 unitUp/Down Arrow
Increase/Decrease value (in any option field) by 10 unitsShift-Up/Down Arrow
Replay last TransformationCtrl-Shift-T
Measure Angle between Lines (Protractor Function)After ruler is drawn, Alt-Drag end of line with Ruler Tool
Move Crop Marquee while creatingHold Space while drawing
Snap Guide to Ruler ticksHold Shift while dragging
Highlight Fields in Options bar (n/a for all tools)Enter
Don't Snap object edge while movingHold Control while dragging
Tools
VMove
MMarquee tools
LLasso tools
WQuick Selection, Magic Wand
CCrop and Slice Tools
IEyedropper, Color Sampler, Ruler, Note, Count
JSpot Healing Brush, Healing Brush, Patch, Red Eye
BBrush, Pencil, Color Replacement, Mixer Brush
SClone Stamp, Pattern Stamp
YHistory Brush, Art History Brush
EEraser tools
GGradient, Paint Bucket
ODodge, Burn, Sponge
PPen tools
TType tools
APath Selection, Direct Selection
URectangle, Rounded Rectangle, Ellipse, Polygon, Line, Custom Shape
K3D Tools
N3D Camera Tools
HHand
RRotate View
ZZoom
DDefault colors
XSwitch Foreground and Background colors
QQuick Mask Mode
To switch between all tools within groups, add the Shift key to the letters above
For example, to switch between rectangular and elliptical marquee hit Shift-M

DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTER VIRUSES

   

Computer viruses come in a variety of types. Breaking them into categories is not easy as many viruses have multiple characteristics and so would fall into multiple categories.

A computer virus is a program designed to harm or cause harm on an infected computer. Its spreads through e-mail attachments, portable devices, websites containing malicious scripts and file downloads. A computer virus attaches itself to the host files and always activate whenever you open the infected files. The virus can replicate itself and then infect the other files on your computer causing more damage. Below is a list of different types of computer viruses and what they do.

The Types of Viruses


Virus Type
What It Does
How Affects Our PC

  Program or File Virus
Infects executables (other programs, with affixes such as EXE, BIN, COM, SYS)
Destroys or alters programs and data.
Boot sector Virus
Infects boot sectors on hard and floppy disks
Destroys or alters programs and data.
Multipartite Virus
A hybrid of a program and boot sector virus
Destroys or alters programs and data.
Macro VirusTriggers on a command in  Microsoft OfficeCommonly affects Word & Excel
  Stealth Virus
Uses various tactics to avoid detection.
Destroys or alters programs and data.

Polymorphic Virus

Uses encryption to foil detection, so that it appears differently in each infection.
Destroys or alters programs and data.

Macro Viruses

These viruses infect the files created using some applications or programs that contain macros such as doc, pps, xls and mdb. They automatically infect the files with macros and also templates and documents that are contained in the file. They hide in documents shared through e-mail and networks.
Macro viruses include:
  • Relax
  • bablas
  • Melissa.A
  • 097M/Y2K

Memory Resident Viruses

They usually fix themselves inside the computer memory. They get activated every time the OS runs and end up infecting other opened files. They hide in RAM.
Memory Resident Viruses Include:
  • CMJ
  • meve
  • randex
  • mrklunky

Overwrite Viruses

These types of viruses delete any information in a file they infect, leaving them partially or completely useless once they are infected. Once in the computer, they replaces all the file content but the file size doesn’t change.
Overwrite Viruses Include:
  • Trj.Reboot
  • way
  • trivial.88.D

Direct Action Viruses

These viruses mainly replicate or take action once they are executed. When a certain condition is met, the viruses will act by infecting the files in the directory or the folder specified in the AUTOEXEC.BAT. The viruses are generally found in the hard disk’s root directory, but they keep on changing location.
Direct Action Viruses Include:
  • Vienna virus

Directory Virus

Also known as cluster virus or file system virus. They infect the computer’s directory by changing the path indicating file location. They are usually located in the disk but affect the entire directory.
Directory Viruses Include:
  • dir-2 virus

Web Scripting Virus

Most web pages include some complex codes in order to create an interactive and interesting content. Such a code is often exploited to cause certain undesirable actions. They mostly originate from the infected web pages or browsers.
Web Scripting Viruses Include:
  • JS.Fortnight – a virus that spreads via malicious emails.

Multipartite Virus

These type of viruses spread in many different ways. Their actions vary depending on the OS installed and presence of certain files. They tend to hide in the computer’s memory but do not infect the hard disk.
Multipartite Viruses Include:
  • flip
  • invader
  • tequila

FAT Viruses

These lardy viruses attack the file allocation table (FAT) which is the disc part used to store every information about the available space, location of files, unusable space etc.
FAT Viruses Include:
  • the link virus

Companion Viruses

These types of viruses infect files just like the direct action and the resident types. Once inside the computer, they ‘accompany’ other existing files.
Companion Viruses Include:
  • Asimov.1539
  • stator and terrax.1069

Polymorphic Virus

They encode or encrypt themselves in a different way every time they infect your computer. They use different encryption and algorithms. This makes it difficult for the antivirus software to locate them using signature or string searches (since they are very different in each encryption).
Polymorphic Viruses Include:
  • Marburg
  • tuareg
  • Satan bug
  • elkern

Worm

This program is very similar to a virus and has the ability to self-replicate leading to negative effects on your computer.
Worm Viruses Include:
  • lovgate.F
  • sobig.D
  • trile. C
  • PSWBugbear.B
  • Mapson

Trojans

Trojans can illegally trace important login details of users online. For example E-Banking is very common among users, therefore, vulnerability of tracing your login details whenever your PC is working without any strong powerful antivirus installed.

Email Virus

This is a virus spread via an email. Such a virus will hide in an email and when the recipient opens the mail.

Browser Hijacker

This virus can spread in many different ways including a voluntary download. If infects certain browser functions especially in form of re-directing the user automatically to certain sites. A good example is
Browser Hijackers Include:
  • the cool web search

Boot Infectors

They include the boot sector plus master boot record types. All the viral codes can be separate location; however they infect the hard disks or the floppy.
Boot Infectors Include:
  • the brain virus -it is the very first wild virus to be created.
From what we have seen, the many types of computer viruses and their effects are very harmful and can completely damage your system. Always make sure your system is up to date. Also install antivirus software. The antivirus program protects your computer and the personal information in it.